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About CETP
Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) are established to achieve economy of scale in waste treatment, particularly for smaller factories. It also addresses the problem of lack of space and reduces the problems of monitoring the effluent. The treated wastes and sludge are disposed in an organized manner. Recycling and reuse of water or sludge is possible.
Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) are established to achieve economy of scale in waste treatment, particularly for smaller factories. It also addresses the problem of lack of space and reduces the problems of monitoring the effluent. The treated wastes and sludge are disposed in an organized manner. Recycling and reuse of water or sludge is possible.
In an industrial area with heterogeneous types of industries, generating different types of effluents, the CETP has to overcome many challenges. Data must be collected for the number of firms, the type of pollutants and the quantities and strength of pollutants they generate, presence of sewer systems, location, and so on. Some factories put an unnecessary heavy load on the CETP. The CETP has to be designed taking all these factors into account.
The site characteristics such as topography, soils, geology, hydrology, climate and land use have to be considered while installing a CETP and a sewer network. The minimum and maximum flows of waste water and their composition are critical in designing the CETP. Physical characteristics include solids, temperature, colour, ph and odour. Chemical characteristics include organics, solvents including chlorinated solvents, inorganics in solution, gases.
These are indirectly measured by the biological Oxygen Demand and Chemical Oxygen Demand. All factories must be forced to carry out primary treatment.
A CETP is highly capital intensive and it is more difficult to keep the plant in running condition than to install it. The major equipments include surface aerators, floating aerators, clarifies, clariflocculator, pressure sand filters, activated carbon filter, agitator, membrane disc diffuser, submerged aerator mixer, inlet chamber, screen channel, effluent transfer chamber, grit chamber, equalization tank, stilling chamber, flash mixer, carboflocculator, aeration ponds, final clarifier, sludge sump, centrifuge, pumps, sludge drying beds, and so on.
Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor is an anaerobic microbial method of treating waste water and is a must for all CETPs. For the treated waste water, fine polishing of effluents is done using reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, ultrafiltration etc. A well-equipped lab is necessary for continuous monitoring of the quality of incoming and outgoing water.
The CETP has to run independently and professionally and has to generate its own funds by way of charging the factories for quality of effluent and composition of effluent.
The site characteristics such as topography, soils, geology, hydrology, climate and land use have to be considered while installing a CETP and a sewer network. The minimum and maximum flows of waste water and their composition are critical in designing the CETP. Physical characteristics include solids, temperature, colour, ph and odour. Chemical characteristics include organics, solvents including chlorinated solvents, inorganics in solution, gases.
These are indirectly measured by the biological Oxygen Demand and Chemical Oxygen Demand. All factories must be forced to carry out primary treatment.
A CETP is highly capital intensive and it is more difficult to keep the plant in running condition than to install it. The major equipments include surface aerators, floating aerators, clarifies, clariflocculator, pressure sand filters, activated carbon filter, agitator, membrane disc diffuser, submerged aerator mixer, inlet chamber, screen channel, effluent transfer chamber, grit chamber, equalization tank, stilling chamber, flash mixer, carboflocculator, aeration ponds, final clarifier, sludge sump, centrifuge, pumps, sludge drying beds, and so on.
Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor is an anaerobic microbial method of treating waste water and is a must for all CETPs. For the treated waste water, fine polishing of effluents is done using reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, ultrafiltration etc. A well-equipped lab is necessary for continuous monitoring of the quality of incoming and outgoing water.
The CETP has to run independently and professionally and has to generate its own funds by way of charging the factories for quality of effluent and composition of effluent.
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